{"id":34821,"date":"2023-07-28T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.propertyinsurancecoveragelaw.com\/?p=34821"},"modified":"2023-07-28T06:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T10:00:00","slug":"the-concept-of-fortuity-and-the-wear-and-tear-exclusion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.propertyinsurancecoveragelaw.com\/blog\/the-concept-of-fortuity-and-the-wear-and-tear-exclusion\/","title":{"rendered":"The Concept of Fortuity and The Wear and Tear Exclusion\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The exclusion for \u201cwear and tear\u201d comes from the concept and need of fortuity in an \u201call-risk\u201d insurance policy.\u00a0The 1928 \u201cAll Risks Personal Effects Floater\u201d policy was a significant step leading to the modern Open Perils or All Risk policy forms. This 1928 policy insured against \u201call risk of loss or damage\u201d and scheduled exclusions rather than covering for scheduled perils.1<\/sup> When considering yesterday\u2019s post,\u00a0Do Insurers Wrongfully Deny Claims Based Upon the Vague Wear and Tear Exclusion?<\/a><\/em>, the concept of fortuity and \u201crisk\u201d is central to the reason for the wear and tear exclusion.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

In Development of Comprehensive Insurance For The Household<\/a><\/em>,2<\/sup> the author, John Pierce, noted regarding this 1928 form policy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

This policy, however, did not cover insurance against every possible kind of loss, because some losses would have causes other than \u2018risk.\u2019 A risk implies a chance occurrence\u2014a fortuitous or unexpected event which results in loss.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWear and tear of items\u201d is not a risk because, in the normal usage of items, things will wear out and break. John Pierce stated that the \u201cwear and tear\u201d exclusion, along with exclusions for \u201cinherent vice\u201d and \u201cgradual deterioration,\u201d were included in the policy list of exclusions for the purpose of \u201cmaking certain that the intended interpretation would be placed upon the words \u201call-risks.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A discussion of the concept of fortuity from a Canadian perspective is\u00a0The Insuring Agreement: Key Concepts of Fortuity, Accident, Occurrence, and Property Damage<\/a><\/em>:3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

The necessity of fortuity seems to spring from a recognition that insurance contracts are commercial transactions. It is thus presumed that the insurer and insured would both intend to conclude a commercially sensible arrangement. The insured could not reasonably expect that any and every loss, however caused, would be reimbursed. That would furnish a windfall to the insured. By the same token, the insurer cannot confine causation to the point where recovery would be impossible, thereby affording a windfall in the other direction. Balance is achieved by requiring that the loss be accidental or fortuitous\u2014i.e.<\/em>, that it be out of the reasonable control and expectation of both the insurer and insured.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Our law firm has cases all over the country. The case law discussion of fortuity is slightly different from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. This Canadian paper is useful to our practice and our arguments on behalf of policyholders and coverage because it critically notes that American law has seemingly placed a broader definition upon the circumstances in which American courts may consider an event to be non-fortuitous. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The lesson is that the \u201cwear and tear\u201d exclusion and those listed next to it are in all risk insurance policies for historical purposes of maintaining the fortuity concept of insurance. Enlarging the definition of \u201cwear and tear\u201d beyond that purpose and concept would be improper. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you wish to study more about fortuity, I suggest using this blog’s search function by writing the word \u201cfortuity\u201d and reading\u00a0Basic Thresholds to Coverage: Deconstructing the All-Risk Policy<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thought For The Day <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Life\u2019s most persistent and urgent question is, \u2018What are you doing for others?<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014Martin Luther King, Jr.  <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup> Development of Comprehensive Insurance For The Household<\/em>, pp. 43-44 (J. Pierce 1958).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/sup> Development of Comprehensive Insurance For The Household<\/em>. By John Eugene Pierce. Homewood, Illinois. Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1958.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/sup> Karen L. Weslowski. The Insuring Agreement: Key Concepts of Fortuity, Accident, Occurrence, and Property Damage<\/em>. Insurance Law Conference, Paper 24. (Sept. 2011).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The exclusion for \u201cwear and tear\u201d comes from the concept and need of fortuity in an \u201call-risk\u201d insurance policy.\u00a0The 1928 \u201cAll Risks Personal Effects Floater\u201d policy was a significant step leading to the modern Open Perils or All Risk policy forms. This 1928 policy insured against \u201call risk of loss or damage\u201d and scheduled exclusions …<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":34825,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[16,4],"class_list":["post-34821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-exclusion","tag-insurance"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Concept of Fortuity and The Wear and Tear Exclusion\u00a0 | Property Insurance Coverage Law Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"July 28, 2023 The exclusion for \u201cwear and tear\u201d comes from the concept and need of fortuity in an \u201call-risk\u201d insurance policy.\u00a0The 1928 \u201cAll Risks Personal Effects\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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Chip is a noted national authority on insurance bad faith, lecturing to national trade groups and publishing a number of papers and articles on the subject for organizations such as The American Association for Justice, The Florida Justice Association, The Windstorm Insurance Network, and Trial Magazine. As founder and president of Merlin Law Group, Chip has dedicated his practice to the representation and advocacy of insurance policyholders in disputes with insurance companies nationwide. Chip served as Chair for the Bad Faith Insurance Litigation Group and Secretary for the Fire and Property Insurance Litigation Group for the American Association for Justice (formerly known as the Association of Trial Lawyers of America). He was also Vice-Chair for the Subcommittee on Property Insurance Law for the American Bar Association. 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